The Literary Roots of Hip-Hop Lyricism free essay sample

Rap Is easily heard as a play of words, a sampling of music rhythms and melodies, and for the passers-by, a taunt against another taunt. But for those who will listen closely, rap lyrics may be full of history, a love story, political critique, Innuendo, sarcasm as well as wit (Rose, 1994, p 14). The past decades had hip-hop fill up a cultural lexicon of vocabulary, characters and culture. Accordingly, the lexicon has been fed by hip-hop artists that return to certain archetypal images as well as conceits. While many forms of popular music hat reinvent or subvert tradition for the sake of novelty, hip-hop culture values and cultivates memory using decades old lyrics and images for current crops of new hits, singles or albums. The past decades saw hip-hop music display various forms of musical borrowing they call sampling and mixes. During the early days of hip-hop, Ids from the Bronx and Harlem manually scratched vinyl records Into a seamless mix of dance music (Rose, 1994, p 18). It was noted by Deemed (2002, p 107) that Ids preferred a classic collection of soul, funk and RB Curtis Mayflies, Isaac Hayes and George Clinton for their pieces. The digital age also provided growth for their sampling as hip-hop added an assortment of music ranging from heavy metal to country. However, many Ids and producers still unearth and return to soul and funk as they pay tribute to respected past musicians.It is to be noted however that the melody of scratching and sampling from classics added with the invention of new sound is Just but one activity amid the hip-hop music production. A rich variety of multimedia collections, references and parodies Is Inherent to hip- hop music as a whole. This paper will try to establish the literary roots of hip-hop years as an off shoot of words and culture from the period between 1965 and 1980 In American Society. Discussion The mid-asses to asses is known as a time in when African-American identity coalesced as a new form of political consciousness was born.In fact, it had been observed that the word rap originally meant among the African American community as referring to romance or sexual interaction initiated by a man to win affection and sexual favors of a female. However, by the late 1 sass, the term crossed over into mainstream public language and has discarded the sexual reference. It non came to mean strong, aggressive and energize talk. Today, both uses are used in the Black speech community as rappers embody these meanings in their artistic images (Rose, 1994, p 19). According to Rose (1994), rap Is a social movement popular primarily among Black and Latino races and during the asses, and by the asses, catapulted musicians such as Run DIM, EL Cool J, Salt n Peep, Beastie Boys, among others not only among listeners (Rose, 1994, p 21). However, Lippies (1998) presents a popularly accepted narrative that rap and hip hop originated from the ghetto neighborhood of the Bronx in New York city in asses. The ghetto is a marginals group of Black and Latino and the youths in this section created an informal way of expressing themselves as inspired from the Caribbean-style toasting.It is their way of having fun, share experiences, as well as criticize social inequality and poverty. It provided a creative outlet for Ids, Masc., graffiti artists and Boys and Busgirls to a frustrating and difficult life while encouraging competition and achieves something positive replacing street corner conflicts into competition dancing, and shooting to paint spraying. It soo n became widespread and every locality in the globe has adopted ACH own, including European immigrants from Turkey, Morocco and North Africa (Bennett, 1999, p 75). The reasons for the rise of hip hop according to some sociologists and historians, are found is the changing urban culture within the United States during the asses. Perhaps most important was the low cost involved in getting started: the equipment was relatively inexpensive, and virtually anyone could MS along with the popular beats of the day. Masc. could be creative, pairing nonsense rhymes and teasing friends and enemies alike in the style of Jamaican toasting at blues parties or playing the dozens in an exchange of wit.Masc. would play at block parties, with no expectation of recording, in the way of folk music. The skills necessary to create hip hop music were passed informally from musician to musician, rather than being taught in expensive music lessons (Samuels, 2000, p 11). Another reason for hip hops rise was the decline of disco, funk and rock in the mid- to late ass. Disco arose among black and gay male clubs in America, and quickly spread to Europe. Disco provided much danceable beats which hip hop took advantage of while providing a musical outlet for the masses that hated disco (Saunders, 1996, bob).Rap music is said to originate from Black or African oral tradition of tonal semantics, narration, signification, the dozens, Black syntax, as well as other communicative practices. It is also noted that the oral tradition rooted from the surviving African tradition of Mono and the relevance of the word among the living. For the Africans, the rapper is a postmodern African grist or verbally gifted storyteller. He is also a cultural historian in traditional African society lyrically and linguistically fluent. Traditionally, he is expected to testify, to speak the truth in certain terms.The rapper was also anticipated to speak fast (Decker, 1993, 55), this is why the quick utterance of words. The rate of speech in rap must be constant in order to correlate it with the beat of the music A rap song averages one hundred forty-four beats per minute.. . Each beat of the music can be correlated to a stressed syllable. If the number of unstressed syllables is equal to the number of stressed syllables in a rap song, the rapper utters a minimum of two hundred and fifty eight syllables per minute (Yakima, 1995, p. 38).According to Smithereens (1994, p 192), rap music is a contemporary response to notations of Joblessness, poverty, and disembowelment that blend reality and fiction. It represents the norm for the Black working class. It is a cultural critic with the rappers on the front lines of the White Struggle. .. Let is a rebellion against white 49). The mission of rap was seen to disturb the peace although much of rap music has moral lessons. It has become the principal medium for Black youth to and outlet of their views of the world.It also tries to create a sense of order out of the turbulence and chaos of their lives (Smithereens, 1994, p 198). The asses saw the emergence of guns, violence, misogyny, and taboo language in AP music that led it to negative perception outside the Black and global hip-hop culture. But it is adhered to that the mission of rap remains the same as reflected in Rapper Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Fives 1982 hit song, The Message. For many hip hop rappers, their listeners and their communities, the chain remains the same as in enslavement as uttered by Naughty by Nature.Rap has its violence, its raw language, and its misogynistic lyrics but still, it is perceived as an art form reflecting the nuances, pathology and most importantly, resilience of Americas best kept secret The black ghetto (Daises, 1994, 59). As Deemed (2003, p 45) noted, Hip- hop/rap culture is a resistance culture. Thus, rap music is not only a Black expressive cultural phenomenon; it is, at the same time, a resisting discourse, a set of communicative practices that constitute a text of resistance against White Americas racism and its Resurrection cultural dominance. Hip-hop and Palpitation Palpitation is shortening of black exploitation. It refers to about two dozen a-rated films for African-American urban audiences filmed from 1970 to 1979. Themes of palpitation film focus on a black hero or heroine who had to choose teen duties to the law that is usually white-controlled against loyalty to the African-American community. Critic of palpitation argued that the movies over- simplified and parodied the ghetto considering that the asses is crucial for racial, socio-economic and gender issues (Hartmann, 1994, p 387).The three elements that made palpitation a hit among contemporary hip-hop: * use of theme songs or anthems * overt plasticization * allusion to the ghetto or hood (Deemed, 2003, p 47) . Samplings used the characters and situations of the films, and transfer their mystique into hip-hop context as they invoke anthems. Many hip-hop artists tried to capture some of the movies glamour and make it their own artist-persona. As Deemed (2003, p 48) cited, Jay-Gs 1996 Reservoir Dogs sampled the guitar solo and rhythm from Isaac Hayes Theme to Shaft.The song is set to the scene where the well-dressed main character walk the streets of Manhattan disregarding authority as he Jaywalks and gives the finger to a taxi that almost run him over. Hayes lyrics elaborate Shafts charisma and intelligence, (Deemed, 2003, p 48). Many film soundtracks are non-dietetic or beyond the narrative frame and only provide support for the emotional tone of a scene. It does not disrupt the action with its own reflections (Grammar, 1987, 41). But palpitation anthems had their lyrics comment on the plot transplanting the glamour of a film plot onto the track. The producers Reservoir Dogs used Theme to Shaft independence and rebelliousness of its hero to portray Jay Z as cooler and more dangerous (Deemed, 2003, p 49). Other palpitation theme-song samplings are more drastic departures from a Curtis Minefields Firesides Dead (1971) in their Hustler Theme (1996). Mayflies decries the black pushers and pimps who deal in vice at the expense of their own immunity in Freddie but Smoothes Dad Hustler overlooked these lyrics altogether, incorporating Firesides Dead into a vivid celebration of a pimps life (Deemed, 2003, p 49).Many rappers elevated palpitation to canonical status making interpretation of these films unified politically and morally. References to the asses alludes to the birth of a new black American political consciousness rejecting assimilation fought for by sass Civil Rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jar. They incline to separatists such as Malcolm X and the Black Panthers. Hip-hop compressed this pessimistic view f racial r elations under the aegis of Black Power, represented in films, music videos and albums using faros, dashikis, and raised clenched fists that meant revolution. However, Black Power is a term describing a variety of political stances that can range from radical to progressive. Soul provides useful and facile images of Black Nationalism and political separation but the asses assimilation and the asses with protest and separation are almost not linked. While ground-breaking work for Black Power in its various forms was accomplished in circa asses, the early asses had internal dissent. Governmental erasure killed Black Power as an organized movement (Decker 1993 p. 60).Contemporary hip-hop forgot and often misquotes asses black political activism to make it more glamorous and attractive to consumers. The ghetto sound and use African-sounding styles has alludes to the misconception that all black musicians were united under one political cause. While Minefields ghetto orchestrations set the trend for musical Afro-centrism, Scott- Heron and Iceberg Slim show that black responses to urban problems range from outrage to apathy. Conclusion Many current hip-hop artists want to be identified with palpitation characters n order to appear credible and street smart.The sampling the asses are to define black identity as a reaffirmation of the musical and cultural lineage of hip-hop itself but many hip-hop and rap artists today emerged as their own glorified characters that defy pop music norms outside their range. Most rap artists are out to have fun, entertain their listeners as they taunt and answer one another in a seemingly unending debate to overdo one another. Their lyrics, however, allude to more modern ways of simple rhymes that may be a ballad, an ode, a romantic song, a dance, an invitation to enjoy, with several few that encompass aggression, defiance, even taboo themes.

What Is Eating Gilbert Grape Review (for a Special Ed Class) Essay Example

What Is Eating Gilbert Grape Review (for a Special Ed Class) Paper Summary Written by Peter Hedges, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape is the story of the Grape family, which consists of Gilbert, Amy, Arnie, Ellen, and Bonnie. The movie is narrated by Gilbert Grape. Arnie is one of the main characters in the movie. Arnie is a 17-year-old male who shows signs of having Mental Retardation and Autism. Throughout the majority of the movie, Arnie is looking forward to the birthday party his family is going to be throwing for him for his 18th birthday. The movie is based on how the members of the Grape family are affected by Arnie’s disabilities, and the daily struggles they go through while caring for a family member with disabilities. All of Arnie’s siblings help out, but Gilbert does the majority of the work when it comes to caring for Arnie. Gilbert takes Arnie to work with him at the local grocery store, gives him his bath on a daily basis, and is always looking after him. Although, sometimes, Gilbert does not watch his brother close enough and he usually ends up climbing the water tower in town or is getting into some other kind of trouble. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Eating Gilbert Grape Review (for a Special Ed Class) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Eating Gilbert Grape Review (for a Special Ed Class) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Eating Gilbert Grape Review (for a Special Ed Class) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gilbert Grape was the one appointed to caring for Arnie since he is the only man left in the house since Mr. Grape committed suicide seven years ago. Mr. Grape’s death left their mother, Bonnie, severely depressed and morbidly obese. Bonnie has not left the house in seven years, and her weight has left her incapable of caring for Arnie for years. Although it is obvious that Bonnie does feel guilty about leaving the care of Arnie completely up to her children, it is at times apparent throughout the movie that Bonnie and the children make it sound like Arnie may be the cause behind the death of Mr. Grape and the reason for the depression and current condition of their mother. It is evident throughout the movie the stress the Grape family is under. They are always arguing, and all of their arguments seem to revolve around one thing; Arnie. Accuracies, Inaccuracies, Stereotypes In What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, there were many things about the movie that were very truthful. The performance of Arnie Grape, played by Leonardo DiCaprio was very believable and consistent throughout the entire film. His portrayal of an individual with disabilities was spot on and I believe that anyone familiar with working with individuals with disabilities similar to Arnie’s would be proud of DiCaprio’s performance in the movie. Also, the second accuracy within the film was the way that the family sometimes treated Arnie like he was a nuisance. At times, families with a child who has a disability feel as though their child is nothing but a large burden to their life. As sad as it may sound, it is the truth in most cases; and it was very true especially with the Grape family. It was obvious at times throughout the movie that Arnie did have a negative impact on the lives of the members of the Grape family and sometimes they just did not want to be bothered because it was just too much for them. I believe that that is accurate because anyone who cares for a family member with a disability needs a break sometimes, and without the occasional break or help from another family member, it can be very strenuous to one’s own health. One of the most ridiculous inaccuracies that were stated in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape happened within the first couple minutes of the movie when Gilbert, the narrator, says that the Doctor said that Arnie would not live past the age of 10, and that he could now go any day now. Having a disability is not a death sentence, and even though the movie was set back in the early 1990’s, I don’t think doctor’s views on developmental disabilities such as Arnie’s have changed much since that time. There are many things that can be done for an individual with developmental disabilities as long as they are taken care of properly. Another inaccuracy in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape is that several times throughout the movie, Arnie’s younger sister, Ellen calls Arnie crazy. Individuals with disabilities are not crazy. Sure, they may do things out of the ordinary, or do things that we as regular people may not find acceptable to do, but that does not make them crazy, it just makes them different from us. Everyone is different from each other in one way or another, but that definitely does not make them crazy. Although, Arnie does do things over and over again, such as climbing the water tower in town, and does not learn from being reprimanded, but that in the least does not make him crazy. Also, another inaccuracy I would like to point out from the movie is when his family member’s think and say that Arnie is totally helpless. Although, in some cases, this may be a true statement, in Arnie’s case, it is not true at all. He is able to do many things on his own. He is very capable of finding the water tower on his own, he is able to speak and express his wants and needs clearly, and he is also able to communicate clearly with others. There were quite a few stereotypes in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, and most of them were very common among people today. Like for example, when Arnie climbed the water tower and the police decided to arrest him, they thought that he should have known better. Although, he was told numerous times before not to climb the water tower, for an individual with a disability, it is not an easy concept to grasp, and individuals with developmental disabilities more often than not do not understand right from wrong. Also, when arresting Arnie, they do not take his disability into consideration whatsoever. They were very rough with him and very rude as well. Another stereotype that was cast upon Arnie in the movie was when Gilbert was with his friends as the restaurant and Arnie was playing the pinball machine. He was being very verbal while he was playing the game, and many of the other patrons eating in the restaurant were staring at him as though no one else would be excited if they won a game or upset that they lost. They sort of glance at him like he has some sort of horrible disease, but much to their dismay, he is just as normal as the common folk. Take-away Message In the movie there are quite a few negative scenarios that could leave many viewers who are unfamiliar with individuals with disabilities with a bad taste in their mouths. One of the take-away messages that one may get from What’s Eating Gilbert Grape is that it is acceptable to yell and reprimand an individual with disabilities in public. This could not be further from the truth. This could have been taken from the scene where Ellen is watching Arnie, and he is headed toward the water tower and in her attempts to stop him, she pulls him down to the ground by his shirt, and proceeds to yell and scream at him like he is an animal. She also hits and kicks him while he is lying on the ground. This is a very negative thing for anyone to witness and it could not be further from the truth. Another message that people could have taken-away from the movie is that many family members and caregivers for individuals and family members with disabilities will eventually leave the family due to frustrations, commit suicide, or hit their disabled child. This is a very untruthful statement as well. Even though Mr. Grape did commit suicide and in the movie, the children and Bonnie do casually mention that it is because of Arnie that Mr. Grape is dead, it is not said for sure. Many people choose to be caregivers for individuals with disabilities and do it for their entire lives. It takes a special person to take care of a person with disabilities, and it takes a lot of time and patience, and without that, you will most likely be an unsuccessful caregiver. There are certain characteristics that a caregiver for a person with a disability must hold, and if you lack any of those characteristics, you will most likely not be able to handle the stress of caring for a person or child who is disabled. In addition to the ones mentioned before, another common take away message is that all individuals with disabilities are â€Å"crazy†. This was covered in another part of my paper, but it applies here as well. When Ellen calls her brother â€Å"crazy† numerous times throughout the movie, it makes people who are not familiar with disabilities wonder â€Å"are people with disabilities really crazy? † and the answer is no, they are not. Although there are many different kinds of disabilities out there, the disabilities that Arnie has do not make him crazy. There is not any time during the movie where Arnie shows any signs of being â€Å"crazy†. He is just a typical teenage boy who needs a little more help than others at times. Last but not least, the last take away message from the movie is that all persons with disabilities constantly misbehave and need to be under constant 24 hour supervision. This is not true in any sense of the word. There any many independent individuals who have disabilities who have their own apartments, have jobs, pay their own bills, and do not need any help or supervision whatsoever. Just because Arnie needs to be watched closely so he does not get into trouble does not mean that every single individual with a disability needs to be supervised with a close eye at all times. Every person and every disability is unique, and every person deals with their disability in a unique way. Some individuals with disabilities are able to go out and live completely independent lives, where others may need to live with a parent, caregiver, or roommate forever. It just depends solely on the individual. Likes, Dislikes, Changes In What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, there were a lot of things that were definitely likable about the movie. For one, the reality of the family and community setting where the movie took place. Also, the acting of DiCaprio as Arnie who was a teenager with developmental disabilities was exceptionally realistic. In addition, the reactions that the people in the community had to Arnie and his sometimes impulsive and irrational behaviors were very similar to the reactions people would have to an individual with disabilities out in the community today. Another thing that was much desired about What’s Eating Gilbert Grape was the fact that it probably opened the eyes of many people who thought it was out of the ordinary for parents to keep their disabled child and care for them and not send them away and institutionalize them. I believe that it made many people realize that it is normal for families to keep and care for their child whether it has a disability or not. Lastly, the movie also sent out a very positive and important message to viewers that could make many people feel more comfortable with people who care for individuals with disabilities, individuals with disabilities themselves, and giving the people who care for such individuals more credit for the hard work that they do. Some of the dislikes in the movie What’s Eating Gilbert Grape were the way the family and the community sometimes treated Arnie. Even though, that is the way it actually is at times, it is still unnecessary to treat anyone, disabled or not, disrespectfully and rudely. Throughout the movie, there were several scenarios where Arnie was treated with much disrespect. Although, that is how many individuals who are like Arnie are treated in today’s society, it is not acceptable and very terrible. Another dislike of the movie was the part of the movie where Gilbert was so frustrated with everything in his life, and had all of his emotions built up and he took it all out on Arnie and he hit him. Although, everyone gets angry at times, it is never acceptable to hit someone else, especially someone like Arnie who is unable of properly defending themselves. It may have been a very honest and true situation to see a family member with a child or sibling with a disability struggle through; there are plenty of other ways that Gilbert could have effectively expressed his emotions without hitting Arnie. He was under a lot of stress from the rest of his family, but that was no reason for him to take it out on Arnie, when it was his mother and other siblings that were causing all of his built up frustration and anger. Lastly, a dislike was very disheartening was the fact that whenever they went somewhere with Arnie, the people in the community would point, stare, or ask â€Å"what is wrong with him? †. Although, most times in today’s society, children and even some adults will do the same things to individuals with disabilities; that is the most disrespectful thing you could ever do to a person. It is a giant reality and it happens very, very often, but it tops the list of my dislike list in the movie What’s Eating Gilbert Grape. Some of the changes that would have been ideal to the movie would to have been given the opportunity to see how Arnie performed and acted during school. It was very apparent how he acted outside of school and how he acted while around Gilbert and his other siblings, but it would have been interesting to see how he acted around his peers and other individuals who are like him. Also, another change that would be idealistic would be to have his other sister’s more involved in his care. Amy and Ellen were always too busy to care for Arnie, so all of the responsibility was always dumped completely onto Gilbert. It would have been nice to see how differently Arnie would have acted, and if he would have behaved any different if he were to be with Amy or Ellen more often than he was throughout the movie. At one point in the movie, Ellen was supposed to be watching Arnie and he ended up running towards the water tower and Ellen grabbed him and pulled him to the ground and was dragging him away from the water tower, while yelling at him and kicking him in public. Thankfully, Gilbert was there to intercede and stop Ellen from hurting Arnie anymore than she already had. It makes you wonder if Ellen showed more interest in Arnie if he would not have acted out while with her, and scenarios such as that would not have happened. Back in 1993, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape was a very controversial movie but portrayed a positive message to those families and individuals who did not understand disabilities and just how much work goes in to caring for individuals with disabilities. Many of those who did not understand before still may not completely understand and sadly, they may never. The movie does not do complete justice to all individuals with disabilities, because every individual and every disability is different and Arnie’s condition was a mild to moderate disability. From working with individuals with disabilities for the past eight years, every stereotype you can imagine was cast upon them, and many people do not take into consideration that they are people just like themselves and they have feelings too. Many people believe that individuals with disabilities do not hear or understand what is being said about them, but you would be surprised how smart some individuals with disabilities can be. It is sad that many individuals with disabilities are hardly ever recognized for their good attributes, it always seem to be the bad one’s that outshine and catch people’s attention.

Jim Crow essays

Jim Crow essays The states of Tennessee and Louisiana had Jim Crow laws after the Civil War. Tennessee had twenty laws between the years 1866 and 1955. Louisiana on the other hand had 33 between the years 1868 and 1960. Tennessee and Louisiana both had Jim Crow laws however there were some similarities and differences. Tennessee Jim Crow law dealt with had education, railroad, streetcar, miscengerenation, and accommodation statue. The laws mainly focused on education and public transportation. The education laws required separate school for black and white children but in 1869 a law was passed that barred segragation based on race from attending the University of Tennessee but blacks and whites was separated. The railroad companies were required to furnish separate cars for black passengers who pay first-class rates. In 1891the railroad companies would provide separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites. There were also laws for miscegenation. Black and whites were not able to get married and if they did marry they were put in prison. Every place Louisiana on the other hand prohibited separation of schools based on race on up till 1954. After the Brown decision they had to operate separate schools for black and white children. Public transportation was open for anyone to ride there were no law stating that blacks couldnt ride. However in 1928 everyone could still ride but the carriers had to provide separate but equal accommodations. Like Tennessee there were law against intermarriage between blacks and whites and against blacks and Indians. Louisiana also had some laws that Tennessee had brought into law later. Louisiana called for segregation in prisons and health care institutions. They also made employers to create separate bathrooms, dining halls, and eating and drinking utensils for black and whites. Louisiana from 1868 to 1914 didnt have any segregation. The only thing that was outlawed was miscegenati...

Motorcycle Clubs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motorcycle Clubs - Essay Example Although original motorcycle clubs were formed as more of a hobby, current clubs are run like a business. The majority of motorcycle clubs have a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, sergeant-at-arms and road captain.i The club starts with a mother group and various chapters are established later. It is also run like a business in that members pay dues. Outlaw clubs, especially, are run as a business. Illegal business, but business all the same: "Federal law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), say that outlaw bikers, with over 300 clubs, 5,000 members, and at least 10,000 regular hangers-on, are one of the nation's largest organized criminal networks, after the Mafia and Asian gangs. They are also a business. The feds believe the Hells Angels and the other large outlaw gangs earn up to $1 billion a year worldwide from drug dealing, prostitution, gunrunning, theft, extortion, and murder."ii The person who joins a motorcycle club is looking for a variety of things. Some want more experience riding with a group and the confidence that comes from experience. Others want the camaraderie that comes with belonging to a group. Also, there is safety in numbers and a new rider may feel more secure riding with a large group. Other people join because they want to learn from others: safety tips, techniques, the best routes. Dulaney explains why he joined a motorcycle club: "For me, one of the best unexpected perks of joining a motorcycle club has been and remains the joy of riding with likeminded souls: members of a motorcycle club have at least one thing in common: their love of riding. Everything else, age, gender, race, looks, economic background, etc. disappear under the leathers. You can relax, laugh, talk or simply observe, it's up to you . . . it's your opportunity to be free and to unleash that part of yourself which has been hiding all these years . . .iii So who joins a club depends on their reasons for joining. Men are traditionally known to purchase motorcycles as part of a mid-life crisis. A club may provide a group atmosphere for regaining some of their youth. For some, the reason to join is two-fold: Motorcycle enthusiasts take great pride in their bikes. So many join for the opportunity to show off their bikes while helping a charity at the same time. Origination There are three critical eras involved in the origination of motorcycle clubs. Dulaney explains these as: the pre-formative period between 1901-1944, known as the genesis of social organization around motorcycling; the formative period between 1945-1957, where social and historical events of the post-World War II era coalesced in the formation of outlaw motorcycle clubs; and the trans-formative period from 1958 to present.iv Motorcycle clubs emerged shortly after the origin of motorcycles. The clubs formed to bring together riders for camaraderie and other events. The McCook Outlaws were one of the first long-lasting clubs. The name transformed through the years to the Chicago Outlaws and then the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. Long-distance touring and racing are attributes accredited to

Environmental Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Sustainability - Essay Example "Sustainability means using, developing and protecting resources at a rate and in a manner that enables people to meet their current needs and also provides that future generations can meet their own needs."(www.ezinearticles.com) When the aspect of Environmental Sustainability comes into the picture, numerous environmentalists have given numerous sets of causes, impact, and effects, that have contributed and led to environmental degradation. Numerous environmentalists have been discussing various causes for the degradation and the major three of them are discussed here. Firstly, the concept of growth of population is one of the main aspects of the various concepts put forth by scientists and environmentalists. It is largely felt that growth in world population has led to the greater demands for resources and has also been creating more and more demands for employment, social services, education, greater political and socio-economic efficacy.

A view from a bridge by Arthur miller Essay Example for Free

A view from a bridge by Arthur miller Essay At the beginning of act 2 in a view from a bridge Arthur Miller creates tension in a number of ways. The first way Arthur miller creates a sense of drama by using body language eg) Eddies arm jerks slightly in shock the body language of Eddie is Eddie showing his feelings of disapproval of Katherine and Rodolpho going out together to add to Eddys anger the fact that they both come out of the bedroom together. This shows Eddies love for Katharine but he is becoming far too over protective over Katherine. Arthur Miller also creates tension through the use of short sharp sentences through the scene as well as the repetition of key phrases during the scene, eg) when Katherine says I think I cant stay here no more when Eddie says You aint goin nowheres after that Katherine says: Eddie Im not gonna be a baby anymore these are all extremely short sentences used within quick succession. The use of short sentences like this is to heighten the drama by showing the views that the characters are in an angry and aggressive as mood well as showing Katherines new fear of Eddie and that something is inevitably going to happen. Certain unexpected key events occur in this scene, which shock the audience and create a heightened dramatic impact. This is when Eddie reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth then Rodolpho tells Eddie have respect for her after that: Rodolpho flies at him in attack. Eddie pins his arms, laughing and suddenly kisses him. This shows that Eddies feelings for Katherine are so powerful that they are uncontrollable; this causes the audience to be shocked and lose respect for Eddie. As well as these happenings, emotions are revealed in this scene, which heightens the tension. This is shown best by Katherines fear of Eddie because she usually shows such admiration for Eddie. Eddie crying is also eddy showing emotion Eddie strands of tears rolling down his face as h laughs mockingly at Rodolpho. While Katherine is staring at him in horror Katherine and Rodolpho are also behaving out of character by showing disrespect towards Eddie. Katherine usually acts childish towards him as if Eddie really is her father; and Rodolpho is usually trying to avoid conflict with Eddie as well as trying to win Eddies approval over Katherine Craig young 11vk The mix of violence, humiliation and control in this scene all help to create dramatic impact. This is shown when Rodolpho is violent towards Eddie Rodolpho flies at him in attack. This shows the audience how Rodolpho has changed his attitude towards Eddie. Eddie shows control by forcibly kissing Katherine and then Rodolpho. Eddie does this to show his authority over Katherine and Rodolpho, and to degrade Rodolpho by showing that he has control over him. Further more proving that, Eddie is stronger than Rodolpho. In conclusion the contrast between the events with Eddie and Katherine and the mood of Alferis speech at the end of the scene, also creates a sense of tension; due to the contrast between the short sharp aggressive sentences earlier on in the scene then when Alferi speaks there becomes longer calmer sentences, this contrast creates a sense of tension by making the audience think that something more is going to happen. As well as this a part of Alferis speech makes the audience realise that something terrible was inevitably going to happen but I will never forget how dark the room came when he looked at me; his eyes were tunnels. I kept wanting to call the police, but nothing had happened. Nothing at all had really happened. This shows that Alferi had the feeling that something had already happened so it seems almost certain that something would happen.

The Tragedy of Eugene O’Neill’s Play, The Hairy Ape Essay -- Hairy Ape

The Tragedy of Eugene O’Neill’s Play, The Hairy Ape Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape is the story of an alienated, low-class stoker named Yank. Yank’s life becomes a whirlwind when Mildred, the daughter of a wealthy steel owner, looks at Yank like he is a hairy ape. This action creates the withdrawal Yank exhibits. The remainder of the play is Yank’s journey to find his place in society’s realms. He searches for his place in a stokehole, at Fifth Avenue, and in jail. Ultimately Yank’s trek ends as a gorilla squeezes the life out of Yank—O’Neill’s suggestion that Yank can only belong in death (O’Neill 57). Eugene Gladstone O’Neill was born on October 16, 1888, in New York City. His father, James O’Neill, was a popular actor, and introduced Eugene O’Neill to the theater at an early age. After being expelled from Princeton in 1906, O’Neill worked as a gold prospector in Honduras and later as a seaman in the New York area. Soon O’Neill became a regular at bars and clubs in New York City. In 1912, O’Neill contracted tuberculosis. It was during his recovery that O’Neill began to write plays. He wrote many plays and is one of the greatest American dramatists. O’Neill won four Pulitzer Prizes—Beyond the Horizon (1920), Anna Christie (1922), Strange Interlude (1928), and Long Day’s Journey into Night (1957). Eugene O’Neill also received the 1936 Nobel Prize for Literature. O’Neill was given the Nobel Prize, â€Å"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an orig inal concept of tragedy† (<http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/literature/1936a.html>). Some critics point to The Hairy Ape as a satirical play. These critics suggest that "clearly O’Neill is a critic of American society and ... ...mploys a chorus, and has an evident tragic flaw—hubris. Works Cited: Alexander, Doris. â€Å"Eugene O’Neill as Social Critic† in O’Neill and His Plays. Oscar Cargill et. al. eds. NY: New York University Press, 1963. Colley, Bryan. Eugene O’Neill. <http://www.kc.net/~bryanc/apebackground.htm>. O’Neill, Eugene. â€Å"Memorandum on Masks† in O’Neill and His Plays. Oscar Cargill et. al. eds. NY: New York University Press, 1963. O’Neill, Eugene. â€Å"The Hairy Ape† in Four Plays by Eugene O’Neill. New York: Signet Classic, 1998. Rollyson, Carl E. â€Å"Eugene O’Neill: The Drama of Self-transcendence† in Critical Essays on Eugene O’Neill. James Martine, ed. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co, 1984. The Nobel Prize Internet Archive. Almaz Enterprises. <http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/literature/1936a.html>. Turner, Ron. Ron’s Place. <http://www.connect.net/ron/oneill.html>.